Solid Waste Management
Any non liquid waste material is called solid waste;
It generally arises from domestic, commercial, industrial, agriculture and mining activities and from the public services.
Majority of the solid waste is produced by humans and partially contributed by animal activities. Solid waste can be found everywhere, small villages or towns too are not exemptions. Type of solid waste commonly found, food wastes, packaging, metals, plastics, glass, discarded clothing, furnishings, garden wastes, hazardous, radioactive wastes etc.
Solid wastes are generally categorized into three types,
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Municipal wastes
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Industrial wastes
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Hazardous wastes
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MUNICIPAL WASTES
The solid wastes which are produced by commercials and residential are called municipal wastes. These types of wastes has no relation with industrial wastes. In other words these are domestic wastes which are in the form of solids and semi solids.
INDUSTRIAL WASTES
These types of waste are generally produced by industrial activities and materials like construction wastes, chemical wastes, metals, plastics, rubber, glass are common types.
HAZARDOUS WASTES
Any waste that poses a threat to human, plant or animal life is called hazardous waste.
Hazardous wastes are commonly of five types,
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Radioactive substances
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Chemicals
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Biological wastes
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Flammable wastes
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Explosives
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
The main aim of solid waste management is to reduce the solid waste, the amount of solid waste produced may vary greatly in different cities and seasons. The below displayed figure explains the common methods of solid waste management.
PREVENTION
Solid waste should be restricted to the maximum possible extent
MINIMIZATION
Waste minimization is nothing but reducing the amount of solid waste produced in the society or by a person and it is also necessary to reduce the resources and energy which are used during the manufacturing process.
REUSE
Materials which can be used more than once are reusable materials, it is really necessary that reusable materials should be given a lot of importance to decrease the amount of solid waste.
shipping containers, refillable bottles ,etc are better examples which justifies reusable materials.
RECYCLING
Any materials or particles that can be converted into a new or usable materials or particles is called recycling. It is a simple process and yet a complex process when comes to applying it in practical.
ENERGY RECOVERY
Energy recovery is done by the process of combustion, gasification, pyrolization, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas (LFG) recovery, this process is called waste to energy. The energy obtained from the waste through one of the processes helps in generating electricity or fuel.
DISPOSAL
Many disposal methods are in handy nowadays but the most common types of methods that are adopted are,
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Landfills
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Incineration